Conventional oil production processes typically involve:
- Primary oil separation steps by gravity and hydrocyclones;
- Secondary separation by flotation techniques;
- Water polishing by nutshell filters and subsequent cartridges to reduce the oil content to below 30 ppm, which is the maximum oil content accepted by regulations for water disposal in several geographies in the world.
Produced water re-injection in active wells is one of the best options to reduce the environmental impact of oil & gas exploration. Crystar® membranes allow facilities to consistently achieve the required water quality for re-injection in wells without generating risks of clogging or permeability reduction.
Thanks to very high permeate fluxes (150 – 300 LMH), the ease of cleaning, and the capability to treat high temperature produced water, Crystar® filtration is a robust and cost-effective technology capable of resolving the challenges of produced water management.