Extensive amounts of effluent waste water are produced during industrial processes. These effluents typically comprise significant volumes of particulate media, microorganisms, and other harmful substances that make waste water treatment challenging and more costly. Filtration is one of the common treatment steps in waste water purification. Cleaning industrial waste water can be very demanding as the technologies used are often outmoded and outdated. Filtration systems used for industrial waste water treatment must be improved to meet future environmental demands and regulations. Moreover, as water becomes more scarce and expensive1, applying water treatment technologies to recycle waste water is a key trend in several industries.

Crystar^® ceramic membranes were engineered for the most difficult water filtration applications in terms of temperature, corrosiveness, and load, with proven benefits in the reduction of waste water disposal costs and significant improvements for industrial water recycling. Crystar^® filtering membranes are particularly well suited for filtration of aggressive water, which cannot be handled by current, traditional polymeric membranes or even other ceramic membrane materials.